How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Do you need to develop a 3D BIM model of a historic building? Are you working on the restoration or rehabilitation of an existing structure?<\/p>\n
In this article, I explain how to use HBIM software<\/a> to develop a complete restoration project for a historic building, from 3D modelling and degradation analysis to the definition of intervention strategies and integration with structural and MEP systems models.<\/p>\nI will also present a practical case study that you can use as a reference for your own projects.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Image of the 3D model<\/p><\/div>\nWhat is HBIM<\/h2>\nBy now we know that BIM (Building Information Modeling<\/em>)<\/a> originates as an operational methodology to manage the processes of:<\/p>\n\nplanning,<\/li>\ndesign,<\/li>\nconstruction,<\/li>\nmanagement,<\/li>\nmaintenance,<\/li>\ndemolition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nof any construction through an informational model that contains all the information regarding its entire life cycle.<\/p>\nThis approach is also applied in the field of historic buildings<\/strong>, taking the form of Heritage<\/em> or Historical Building Information Modeling<\/em>, abbreviated as HBIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThanks to the development of HBIM, it is possible to create detailed models of historic buildings with intelligent parametric objects, that is, containing information about the building, its components, and all its characteristics, which can be updated, replaced, and implemented over time. In addition to geometric modeling, HBIM allows for detailed and comprehensive analyses of the current state: material survey, identification of degradation phenomena, cracking assessment, etc.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Developing a historic building BIM model: orthophoto with a surface cracks map<\/p><\/div>\nIt is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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I will also present a practical case study that you can use as a reference for your own projects.<\/p>\n
<\/noscript> Image of the 3D model<\/p><\/div>\nWhat is HBIM<\/h2>\nBy now we know that BIM (Building Information Modeling<\/em>)<\/a> originates as an operational methodology to manage the processes of:<\/p>\n\nplanning,<\/li>\ndesign,<\/li>\nconstruction,<\/li>\nmanagement,<\/li>\nmaintenance,<\/li>\ndemolition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nof any construction through an informational model that contains all the information regarding its entire life cycle.<\/p>\nThis approach is also applied in the field of historic buildings<\/strong>, taking the form of Heritage<\/em> or Historical Building Information Modeling<\/em>, abbreviated as HBIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThanks to the development of HBIM, it is possible to create detailed models of historic buildings with intelligent parametric objects, that is, containing information about the building, its components, and all its characteristics, which can be updated, replaced, and implemented over time. In addition to geometric modeling, HBIM allows for detailed and comprehensive analyses of the current state: material survey, identification of degradation phenomena, cracking assessment, etc.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Developing a historic building BIM model: orthophoto with a surface cracks map<\/p><\/div>\nIt is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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By now we know that BIM (Building Information Modeling<\/em>)<\/a> originates as an operational methodology to manage the processes of:<\/p>\n\nplanning,<\/li>\ndesign,<\/li>\nconstruction,<\/li>\nmanagement,<\/li>\nmaintenance,<\/li>\ndemolition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nof any construction through an informational model that contains all the information regarding its entire life cycle.<\/p>\nThis approach is also applied in the field of historic buildings<\/strong>, taking the form of Heritage<\/em> or Historical Building Information Modeling<\/em>, abbreviated as HBIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThanks to the development of HBIM, it is possible to create detailed models of historic buildings with intelligent parametric objects, that is, containing information about the building, its components, and all its characteristics, which can be updated, replaced, and implemented over time. In addition to geometric modeling, HBIM allows for detailed and comprehensive analyses of the current state: material survey, identification of degradation phenomena, cracking assessment, etc.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Developing a historic building BIM model: orthophoto with a surface cracks map<\/p><\/div>\nIt is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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of any construction through an informational model that contains all the information regarding its entire life cycle.<\/p>\n
This approach is also applied in the field of historic buildings<\/strong>, taking the form of Heritage<\/em> or Historical Building Information Modeling<\/em>, abbreviated as HBIM<\/strong>.<\/p>\nThanks to the development of HBIM, it is possible to create detailed models of historic buildings with intelligent parametric objects, that is, containing information about the building, its components, and all its characteristics, which can be updated, replaced, and implemented over time. In addition to geometric modeling, HBIM allows for detailed and comprehensive analyses of the current state: material survey, identification of degradation phenomena, cracking assessment, etc.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Developing a historic building BIM model: orthophoto with a surface cracks map<\/p><\/div>\nIt is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Thanks to the development of HBIM, it is possible to create detailed models of historic buildings with intelligent parametric objects, that is, containing information about the building, its components, and all its characteristics, which can be updated, replaced, and implemented over time. In addition to geometric modeling, HBIM allows for detailed and comprehensive analyses of the current state: material survey, identification of degradation phenomena, cracking assessment, etc.<\/p>\n
<\/noscript> Developing a historic building BIM model: orthophoto with a surface cracks map<\/p><\/div>\nIt is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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It is important to emphasize that HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings<\/strong>, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common houses from the last century, thus greatly broadening the scope of the BIM method, as it extends its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nThe potentials of BIM for existing buildings<\/h2>\nSo far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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So far, HBIM has not had widespread adoption in the professional field due to the lack of shared regulations and standardized workflows and, above all, to the difficulties related to<\/strong> modeling phases<\/strong> and information retrieval. In fact, modeling a historical building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable<\/strong> and that cannot be referred to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, alterations due to the passage of time, and more.<\/p>\nCurrently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\nEdificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Currently, many software programs are adapting to these needs to comprehensively manage the entire process of digitizing the existing building heritage.<\/p>\n
Edificius, for example, has a specific environment for HBIM<\/a>, with a dedicated library of objects typical of historical buildings and an editor that flexibly adapts to the specifics of each individual case:<\/p>\n\nVault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Vault Editor<\/code> – to model various types of vaults using new specific objects (barrel, ribbed barrel, lazy barrel, pavilion, polygonal base pavilion, cross vault, polygonal base cross vault, dome, lunettes\/openings, horizontal section, and vertical section);<\/li>\nRib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Rib<\/code> – to manually or automatically insert the rib in the intrados or extrados of the vault using the magic wand;<\/li>\nFloor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Floor with wooden beams<\/code> – to create and customize a wooden floor, setting the thickness of the floor, the section, the spacing, and the rotation of the beams;<\/li>\nDegradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Degradation Area<\/code> – the editor for defining the degraded surface to associate with a specific material;<\/li>\nFracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Fracture<\/code> – the specific editor for identifying and highlighting the fractures present on a specific element of the building;<\/li>\nOrthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Orthophoto<\/code> – to associate an orthophoto with an element of the building and obtain a faithful representation of the actual state and complete material information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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<\/noscript> Edificius HBIM – parametric objects<\/p><\/div>\nIn this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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In this way, it is easy to overcome the difficulties related to modeling (even in the presence of strong irregularities, elaborate decorations, obsolete construction systems) and fully exploit all the advantages of HBIM<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\nprocessing of the 3D geometric model in quick time;<\/li>\nprocessing and management of the data model;<\/li>\nuse of intelligent parametric objects;<\/li>\nmanagement of documents and data;<\/li>\ngreater control of the project and of the investigation and analysis campaigns;<\/li>\nsharing of information and the model;<\/li>\nprogramming of maintenance interventions;<\/li>\npromotion of the asset;<\/li>\ncreation of databases that can be updated over time;<\/li>\napplication of advanced technologies such as virtual or augmented reality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to develop the BIM model of historic buildings: HBIM project workflow<\/h2>\nGenerating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\nLet’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\nIn summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n\nstructuring of the CDE (common data environment);<\/li>\ndata collection, processed materials, and historical documentation;<\/li>\nmanagement and sharing of the collected documentation on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nphotographic survey and photo rectification;<\/li>\ngeometric survey conducted with the support of various technologies (from the more traditional ones like tapes, levels, and squares; to more advanced ones such as laser scanners, total stations, photogrammetric surveys, etc.);<\/li>\nmaterial survey;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the existing state with BIM Authoring<\/em><\/a>;<\/li>\nsharing the model on collaborative platforms;<\/li>\nstudy of the functional layout of the existing state;<\/li>\nanalysis of degradation directly in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstratigraphic analysis and on the construction phases of the work in the HBIM environment;<\/li>\nstudy of the cracking framework and the ongoing kinematics;<\/li>\nprojecting surveys and tests to be carried out;<\/li>\nidentification of project interventions;<\/li>\nintegration with BIM software for structural and plant design;<\/li>\n3D modeling of the project;<\/li>\nproject verification in Real Time or virtual reality (VRi);<\/li>\nautomatic cost estimating<\/a>\u00a0from the 3D model;<\/li>\ngraphical processing and working drawings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Generating the 3D BIM model of a historic building allows for all the benefits of BIM in the restoration project.<\/p>\n
Let’s see how to develop the 3D model and the restoration project of a historic building using HBIM methodology.<\/p>\n
In summary, the main phases to follow are:<\/p>\n
To delve deeper, I will show you a practical case developed with Edificius<\/a>.<\/p>\nA practical case with Edificius: from the point cloud to the BIM model of historic buildings<\/h2>\nThe practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\nThe first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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The practical example I will show you is a digitization project of a residential building from the early ‘900s.<\/p>\n
The first operation performed on-site is the survey<\/strong> and acquisition of geometric data conducted through the 3D laser scanner. The result is the point cloud<\/strong>, which contains geometric information (their coordinates in a known reference system) and colorimetric information, as each point is associated with a relative color derived from a photo taken by the instrument during the scan.<\/p>\nTo learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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To learn more, read also “Scan to BIM, from laser scanning to the BIM model<\/a>.”<\/p>\nThe survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\nBefore starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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The survey data were imported into Edificius to develop the BIM model and generate the building\u2019s geometric representation within the digital environment.<\/p>\n
Before starting the modeling, Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Levels<\/code> (mezzanine level, first floor, up to the roof) and subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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subLevels<\/code> with relative heights were set, and the ground with contour lines was imported directly from Google Maps using the specific functionality.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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<\/noscript> Edificius<\/a> levels management<\/p><\/div>\nThe building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\nThe external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\nIn a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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The building modeling was facilitated by the parametric objects of the HBIM environment of Edificius, which allows for the reproduction of the characteristic elements of historical architecture (vaults, wooden floors, ribs, etc.).<\/p>\n
The external walls, windows, staircase, and all architectural details present on the fa\u00e7ade (moldings, capitals, pilasters, etc.) were modeled.<\/p>\n
In a BIM process, all the material useful for the project is shared and managed through the use of collaborative platforms and CDE<\/a>. This way, the building data can be consulted by the entire project team<\/em> and all activities are traceable to make collaboration effective and secure.<\/p>\nAt the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\nIn the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n\nautomatic recognition of architectural objects as structural entities in the structural calculation software<\/a>;<\/li>\nstructural modeling;<\/li>\nFEM model;<\/li>\nassignment of constraints;<\/li>\ndefinition of loads;<\/li>\nstructural analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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At the end of the BIM modeling, the building model was exported in the open IFC format to allow optimal integration with all professionals involved in the project. The IFC model can indeed be imported and managed by all common BIM authoring software. In this way, the structural engineer can import the BIM model and proceed with structural modeling, calculations, and checks.<\/p>\n
In the case examined, the structural workflow included shortly:<\/p>\n
In parallel with the structural analysis, the material characterization and assessment of the conservation status of the decorative apparatus of the fa\u00e7ades were developed. All of this was facilitated by importing the textured mesh obtained from the survey and leveraging the full potential of the ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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ortofoto<\/code> command, which allows for overlaying the rectified photos of the fa\u00e7ades to be analyzed onto the 3D model. The areas affected by different degradation phenomena were identified on the orthophoto. Edificius automatically generates the legend that helps interpret the patterns associated with the various manifestations of deterioration.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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<\/noscript> Damage area analysis with Edificius<\/a><\/p><\/div>\nUnlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Unlike traditional workflows, HBIM technology enables the creation and continuous updating of a structured information database on the conservation status of historic buildings, along with their BIM models, resulting in a shared and evolving digital archive. By managing the project through a collaborative platform<\/a>, it is possible to achieve the following benefits:<\/p>\n\neasier consultation, sharing, and long-term management of the model<\/li>\ndirect exchange of information within the 3D model environment<\/li>\nvisualization and management of 3D files created with different software;<\/li>\ncreation of degradation maps useful for identifying pathologies and diagnostic analyses;<\/li>\ndefinition of standardized intervention protocols for each restoration activity, integrated within the usBIM platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHow to model a historical building in HBIM, the degradation state, and recovery interventions<\/h2>\nThe case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\nThe aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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The case study focuses on the application of the HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) methodology to the monumental complex of the Church of Madonna della Neve, part of a historic settlement dating back to the Lombard period, located in Montella (AV).<\/p>\n
The aim is to demonstrate how digital technologies and collaborative workflows can support the documentation, conservation, and management of architectural heritage. This intervention is based on the understanding that the restoration and rehabilitation of historic buildings today require a truly multidisciplinary approach, in which restoration architects, structural engineers, survey specialists, diagnostic experts, historians, and archaeologists work in close coordination through a continuous and structured exchange of information.<\/p>\n
<\/noscript> HBIM management in the cloud<\/p><\/div>\nIn this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\nIn the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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In this context, the HBIM methodology represents the evolution of BIM applied to existing and historical artifacts, configuring itself not only as a three-dimensional modeling tool but, above all, as an information system capable of collecting, organizing, and updating over time geometric, constructive, historical, material, and conservation data. Unlike traditional BIM, which starts from a project to arrive at the construction of the digital twin of the work, HBIM operates in the opposite manner: the process begins with the real artifact and, through surveys, investigations, and archival research, leads to the construction of a digital model “as-is,” that is, adhering to the actual and historicized state of the building, including the transformations it has undergone over time.<\/p>\n
In the specific case of the Church of Madonna della Neve, the project was developed starting from a complex knowledge phase based on traditional geometric surveys, acquisitions via laser scanning, and photogrammetric techniques, integrated with archival documentation and analysis of the state of conservation. The operational methodology was divided into three main phases: acquisition, segmentation, and modeling. The acquisition phase involved the collection of a large amount of data from various disciplines, including metric surveys, structural analyses, deterioration surveys, and historical documentation. Subsequently, in the segmentation phase, the information was organized and semantically categorized to allow its use within the digital model. This process allowed associating not only geometric characteristics but also descriptive, diagnostic, and documentary information to the architectural elements. The final modeling phase was developed through the software Edificius<\/a>, which allowed the direct import of point clouds generated from laser scanning surveys and their transformation into HBIM parametric elements.<\/p>\nThe use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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The use of the software made it possible to faithfully reconstruct the geometry of the church through advanced snapping and sectioning tools of the point cloud. Complex architectural elements such as walls, openings, niches, historical fixtures, barrel vaults, sail vaults, ribs, domes, and longitudinal beams were modeled, with the ability to customize geometric and constructive parameters to achieve a representation consistent with the real artifact.<\/p>\n
<\/noscript> Loading and viewing of the HBIM model in usBIM<\/p><\/div>\nParticular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\nAn additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\nThe HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\nFAQ<\/h2>\n\nWhat is HBIM?<\/h3>\nBIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\nTo which buildings does HBIM apply?<\/h3>\nHBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\nWhat are the difficulties in BIM modeling of historic buildings?<\/h3>\nModeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\nWhat are the advantages of HBIM for historic buildings?<\/h3>\nThe main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\nWhat are the phases of the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\nHow is the surveying of a historic building carried out for an HBIM project?<\/h3>\nThe surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\nHow is the BIM model of a historic building developed with Edificius?<\/h3>\nThe survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\nWhy is the IFC format important in the HBIM workflow?<\/h3>\nThe open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\nHow is the degradation analysis conducted with Edificius?<\/h3>\nDegradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\nWhat advantages does HBIM offer compared to traditional methods?<\/h3>\nHBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\nDeveloping BIM Models of Historical Buildings - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to model historical buildings in 3D and develop the restoration project (degradation analysis, crack framework, etc.) using BIM.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping Do you need to develop a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BibLus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"843\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"321\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"francescapedicini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"francescapedicini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/43fc152d20ff64f65a1bc6f2b379637b\"},\"headline\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T11:56:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2823,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Developing-a-BIM-model-of-a-historical-building.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"newsletter 191\",\"Newsletter 249\",\"newsletter 448\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BIM and Building Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biblus.accasoftware.com\\\/en\\\/developing-3d-digital-twins-of-historic-buildings-using-h-bim-methodologies-and-workflows\\\/\",\"name\":\"Developing BIM Models of Historical Buildings - 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Particular relevance has been given to the modeling of historic vaults, achieved through dedicated parametric editors that have allowed for the definition of articulated geometries and irregular shapes typical of historic architecture. Alongside geometric modeling, the project integrated tools for conservation surveying, enabling the mapping of degradation and the cracking framework directly on the digital model. By using orthophotos obtained through photogrammetry and applied to architectural surfaces, it has been possible to trace degradation phenomena, injuries, and material alterations according to UNI-Normal classifications, distinguishing different types of deterioration related to stone, wood, and metal materials. Each degradation or injury has been defined as an informative parametric object, associated with data related to extent, severity, hypothesized causes, photographic documentation, and maintenance status.<\/p>\n
An additional significant aspect of the case study concerns the use of the integrated collaborative platform, used as a common data-sharing environment among the various parties involved in the project. Through the platform, it was possible to archive three-dimensional models, historical photographs, archival documents, survey sheets, and results of archaeological investigations, making all the information accessible and navigable in an interactive manner. In particular, the system allowed for the direct linking of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted by Professor Rotili between the 1990s and the 2000s to the digital model, associating scientific documentation, publications, and historical references with the excavation areas.<\/p>\n
The HBIM model has thus been transformed into a dynamic and queryable digital archive, capable of integrating historical knowledge, geometric surveying, diagnostic analysis, and conservation management in a single interoperable environment. Therefore, the case study demonstrates how HBIM can be an advanced tool for the documentation, monitoring, and enhancement of historical heritage, promoting not only a more efficient management of information and the restoration process but also new forms of cultural enjoyment, such as virtual tours and interactive consultation of digital contents.<\/p>\n
BIM (Building Information Modeling) originates as an operational methodology for managing the processes of programming, design, realization, management, maintenance, and demolition of a construction through an informational model that contains all the information related to its entire life cycle. This approach is also applied to historic buildings, taking the form of Heritage or Historical Building Information Modeling, briefly HBIM.<\/p>\n
HBIM is a process applied to existing buildings, whether they are monumental and of historical-artistic significance or common dwellings from the last century. This approach greatly extends the scope of the BIM method, expanding its use to the creation of models of existing buildings.<\/p>\n
Modeling a historic building means taking into account elements that are not always standardizable and cannot be traced back to predefined libraries, deformations and irregularities, uncertainties about construction techniques, the presence of degradation phenomena, and alterations due to the passage of time.<\/p>\n
The main advantages of HBIM are: rapid processing of the 3D geometric model, management of the data model, use of intelligent parametric objects, document management, greater control of the project and survey campaigns, sharing of information and the model, maintenance scheduling, and the creation of updatable databases over time.<\/p>\n
The main phases of the HBIM workflow include: structuring the ACDat, document collection, photographic and geometric surveying, 3D modeling of the current state, degradation analysis, study of the cracking framework, identification of project interventions, integration with structural and plant software, and production of executive drawings.<\/p>\n
The surveying can be done using a 3D laser scanner, obtaining a point cloud containing geometric and colorimetric information useful for the accurate reconstruction of the BIM model of the historic building.<\/p>\n
The survey data is imported into Edificius for BIM modeling. After setting up the levels and the ground, modeling is facilitated by HBIM parametric objects that allow for the reproduction of typical elements of historic architecture, such as vaults, wooden floors, moldings, and decorations.<\/p>\n
The open IFC format allows for the integration of the BIM model with other BIM authoring software, facilitating interdisciplinary work among architects, structural engineers, and plant engineers involved in the project.<\/p>\n
Degradation analysis is performed using textured meshes and orthophotos overlayed on the 3D model. Degraded areas are identified directly on the orthophotos, and the software automatically generates the legend associated with degradation phenomena.<\/p>\n
HBIM allows for the creation and ongoing update of a shared database regarding the conservation status of historic buildings, improving information management, collaboration among professionals, and planning of restoration interventions.<\/p>\n
How to create 3D models of historic buildings and develop restoration projects with BIM: degradation assessment and crack mapping<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":51230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[4927,4989,5274],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-and-building-design","tag-newsletter-191","tag-newsletter-249","tag-newsletter-448"],"yoast_head":"\n
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