{"id":3808,"date":"2026-01-19T14:08:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T13:08:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/?p=3808"},"modified":"2026-01-30T12:05:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T11:05:10","slug":"wbs-work-breakdown-structure-quest-ce-que-cest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wbs-work-breakdown-structure-quest-ce-que-cest\/","title":{"rendered":"La WBS (Work Breakdown Structure ou organigramme des t\u00e2ches du projet &#8211; OTP), qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est et comment l\u2019utiliser"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sommario\">La Work Breakdown Structure, qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est et quelles sont les r\u00e8gles pour une correcte application. Voici la proc\u00e9dure pour d\u00e9composer un projet en activit\u00e9s plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Un projet \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper au mieux doit \u00eatre analys\u00e9 singuli\u00e8rement dans toutes ses phases. Beaucoup de projets complexes impliquent l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution de nombreuses activit\u00e9s qui, sans une planification et une organisation appropri\u00e9es, seraient difficiles \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser.<\/p>\n<p>Pour essayer de rendre toutes les phases d&rsquo;un projet plus compr\u00e9hensibles, la WBS (<strong>Work Breakdown Structure<\/strong>) ou OTP (organigramme des t\u00e2ches du projet), \u00e9galement d\u00e9finie comme \u00ab<strong>d\u00e9composition hi\u00e9rarchique du projet<\/strong>\u00bb, nous est utiles&nbsp;:&nbsp;c&rsquo;est une m\u00e9thodologie mise au point aux Etats-Unis, utile pour structurer et d\u00e9finir clairement toutes les activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;un projet.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"quest-ce-que-la-wbs\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la WBS ?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La WBS est un outil utilis\u00e9 pour la d\u00e9composition analytique d&rsquo;un projet en parties \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le but est d&rsquo;organiser le travail en<strong> \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus facilement g\u00e9rables<\/strong> et de rendre la <strong>compr\u00e9hension du projet moins complexe<\/strong>, afin de communiquer \u00e0 toutes les parties prenantes (stakeholder) les phases et les activit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser pour atteindre un objectif.<\/p>\n<p>La WBS, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 tout type de projet, tel que:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ouvrage de g\u00e9nie civil<\/li>\n<li>construction d&rsquo;un b\u00e2timent<\/li>\n<li>organisation des activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;un chantier<\/li>\n<li>conception d&rsquo;un artefact<\/li>\n<li>etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La WBS fournit une aide pr\u00e9cieuse au chef de projet (project manager), en particulier dans la d\u00e9finition et l&rsquo;organisation des activit\u00e9s des projets complexes.<\/p>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;outil WBS, le projet est donc <strong>d\u00e9compos\u00e9 hi\u00e9rarchiquement en composants<\/strong> (par exemple <strong>sous-objectifs<\/strong>, <strong>activit\u00e9s<\/strong> et <strong>t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong>), avec un plus grand degr\u00e9 de d\u00e9tail, suivant une approche descendante (top-down), c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire en partant des macro-domaines puis en les subdivisant en partie de plus en plus petites.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chaque niveau repr\u00e9sente toujours des parties d\u00e9taill\u00e9es du projet.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;y a pas de num\u00e9ro de niveaux d\u00e9fini: la d\u00e9composition d\u00e9pend de la complexit\u00e9 du projet. La d\u00e9composition se termine lorsque le dernier niveau de hi\u00e9rarchie a un degr\u00e9 de d\u00e9tail tel que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u00e9crire <strong>de fa\u00e7on univoque chaque travail \u00e0 effectuer<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>permettre l&rsquo;<strong>attribution de la responsabilit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutive<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"comment-representer-un-wbs\">Comment repr\u00e9senter un WBS<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La WBS est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sous <strong>forme graphique<\/strong> (structure arborescente) ou <strong>descriptive<\/strong> (structure d&rsquo;index).<\/p>\n<p>Pour que la WBS apporte des r\u00e9sultats concrets il est n\u00e9cessaire que l&rsquo;objectif \u00e0 atteindre soit bien clair d\u00e8s la phase d\u2019avant-projet.Avant que le travail commence sur chaque activit\u00e9 individuelle, la d\u00e9composition peut \u00eatre<strong> progressivement red\u00e9finie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3939\" style=\"width: 1513px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3939\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3939 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Diagramme-structure-arborescence-WBS.jpg\" alt=\"Arborescence WBS\" width=\"1503\" height=\"462\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3939\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3939 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Diagramme-structure-arborescence-WBS.jpg\" alt=\"Arborescence WBS\" width=\"1503\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Diagramme-structure-arborescence-WBS.jpg 1503w, https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Diagramme-structure-arborescence-WBS-300x92.jpg 300w, https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Diagramme-structure-arborescence-WBS-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1503px) 100vw, 1503px\" \/><\/noscript> Arborescence WBS<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3940\" style=\"width: 758px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3940 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Structure-index.jpg\" alt=\"Structure index\" width=\"748\" height=\"530\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3940\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3940 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Structure-index.jpg\" alt=\"Structure index\" width=\"748\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Structure-index.jpg 748w, https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Structure-index-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/noscript> Structure index<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"les-work-packages-dans-la-wbs\">Les Work Packages dans la WBS<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental des WBS est d&rsquo;identifier au dernier niveau de d\u00e9composition les <em>\u00ab\u00a0work packages<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, mieux d\u00e9finis en tant que <strong>types d\u2019action ou activit\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Toutes les instructions \u00e0 suivre pour r\u00e9aliser une activit\u00e9 et une t\u00e2che sp\u00e9cifiques sont indiqu\u00e9es dans le <strong>Work package<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3941\" style=\"width: 558px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3941 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Work-Package-dans-une-WBS.jpg\" alt=\"Work Package dans une WBS\" width=\"548\" height=\"382\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3941\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3941 lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Work-Package-dans-une-WBS.jpg\" alt=\"Work Package dans une WBS\" width=\"548\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Work-Package-dans-une-WBS.jpg 548w, https:\/\/biblus.accasoftware.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/03\/Work-Package-dans-une-WBS-300x209.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/noscript> Work Package dans une WBS<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Pour que la d\u00e9composition soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme optimale, chaque lot de travail doit \u00eatre:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u00e9crit de mani\u00e8re claire et concise<\/li>\n<li>diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 des autres lots de travail<\/li>\n<li>pr\u00e9voir l&rsquo;attribution de la t\u00e2che \/ activit\u00e9 \u00e0 une personne responsable<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9crire de fa\u00e7on univoque le travail individuel \u00e0 effectuer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans le work package de travail, il est possible d&rsquo;identifier:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>toutes les activit\u00e9s (task) et t\u00e2ches \u00e0 effectuer<\/li>\n<li>les intrants (input) n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9aliser le travail et atteindre les objectifs<\/li>\n<li>la description des r\u00e9sultats attendus<\/li>\n<li>les ressources n\u00e9cessaires identifi\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>les dates de d\u00e9but et de fin des travaux<\/li>\n<li>les livrables du travail (output\/deliverable)<\/li>\n<li>les activit\u00e9s qui ne sont pas incluses dans le projet<\/li>\n<li>les responsabilit\u00e9s de la t\u00e2che<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"international-product-banner-desktop\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"product-banner-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accasoftware.com\/fr\/logiciel-de-metre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child\/img\/banner_prodotto\/primus-fr.jpg\" alt=\"primus\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child\/img\/banner_prodotto\/primus-fr.jpg\" alt=\"primus\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"international-product-banner-mobile\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"product-banner-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accasoftware.com\/fr\/logiciel-de-metre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child\/img\/banner_prodotto_mobile\/primus-fr.jpg\" alt=\"primus\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold-child\/img\/banner_prodotto_mobile\/primus-fr.jpg\" alt=\"primus\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Work Breakdown Structure, qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est et quelles sont les r\u00e8gles pour une correcte application. Voici la proc\u00e9dure pour d\u00e9composer un projet en activit\u00e9s plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":26567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_data_scadenza_evento":"","_evento_nome":"","_evento_data":"","_evento_luogo":"","_evento_cta":"","keyword_en":"","keyword_es":"","keyword_fr":"","keyword_de":"","keyword_ptb":"","_note_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4814],"tags":[4826,4975,99],"class_list":["post-3808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bim-metre","tag-newsletter-302","tag-newsletter-430","tag-newsletter-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La WBS (Work Breakdown Structure ou organigramme des t\u00e2ches du projet - OTP), qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est et comment l\u2019utiliser - BibLus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Work Breakdown Structure, qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est et quelles sont les r\u00e8gles pour une correcte application. 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