Bentley ProjectWise vs ACCA usBIM.platform: CDE Platform Comparison

Bentley ProjectWise and ACCA usBIM.platform both support the management of a Common Data Environment, but respond to different settings.

ProjectWise is the document-centric and model-centric backbone of the Bentley Infrastructure Cloud ecosystem: it originated as infrastructure project delivery and engineering content management, and excels in the governance of engineering work-in-progress on native files (DGN, DWG, RVT). It extends towards digital twin and operational management through iTwin, SYNCHRO, and AssetWise.

usBIM.platform is a cloud openBIM CDE, certified IFC by buildingSMART, a modular “platform + app,” accessible via browser, and designed for the entire life cycle. The comparison is not perfectly symmetrical: it contrasts a proprietary project delivery platform with a CDE focused on the management of data and processes based on open standards.

The choice depends on the scenario: ProjectWise is particularly suitable for engineering work in progress within the Bentley ecosystem, while usBIM.platform favors the openBIM governance of data, web accessibility, and information continuity up to the management and maintenance of the project.

On the territorial front, usBIM.geotwin integrates openBIM and GIS for the management of geospatial digital twins without size limitations. The platform is designed to handle datasets comprising millions of BIM objects and point clouds in the order of billions of points.

Why is this comparison between CDE relevant in BIM?

In the AECO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction & Operations) sector, the choice of CDE is no longer a process optimization, but a strategic and regulatory requirement: compliance with the ISO 19650 series depends on the platform’s ability to govern data and not just files.

Here we compare two of the most relevant players, avoiding the most common pitfall: treating them as two equivalent repositories.

A methodological premise

The comparison is not symmetrical. ACCA explicitly presents usBIM.platform as a Common Data Environment designed to support processes consistent with the EN ISO 19650 and with the openBIM approach. Bentley, on the other hand, positions ProjectWise as infrastructure project delivery and engineering content management software, and markets BCDE (Bentley Common Data Environment) separately as a declared CDE cloud product.

This does not render the comparison illegitimate but makes it more interesting: it compares a document-centric and model-centric backbone of the project delivery ecosystem with a declared and certified openBIM CDE.

Bentley ProjectWise: positioning in the Bentley ecosystem

Bentley Systems, founded in 1984 by the Bentley brothers in Exton (Pennsylvania) and publicly traded on Nasdaq (BSY) since 2020, closed the FY2025 with revenues around $1.5 billion.

ProjectWise is widely adopted in large infrastructure projects and mega civil engineering projects. Initially developed as a powerful client-server system with ProjectWise Design Integration, it later expanded to the cloud with ProjectWise on Microsoft Azure, providing web access and integration with collaboration tools like Microsoft Teams.

The main strength is the deep integration with Bentley authoring tools, including MicroStation, OpenRoads, OpenBridge, OpenBuildings, and with third-party applications like AutoCAD, Revit, Civil 3D.

Particularly relevant is the management of external references (XREF) and the spatial dependencies between files. Technologies such as Delta File Transfer and local caching are designed to reduce latency perceived by geographically distributed teams and facilitate work on large datasets.

Within Bentley Infrastructure Cloud, ProjectWise operates alongside SYNCHRO for 4D management and construction and AssetWise for asset management and operational phase. The iTwin Platform represents the technological level dedicated to data federation and the creation of digital twins.

ACCA usBIM.platform: positioning in the usBIM ecosystem

ACCA software is an Italian company founded in 1989 in Montella, Avellino province. It has been a member of buildingSMART International since October 2018 and a Multinational Member since 2022. The company offers numerous IFC-certified software worldwide. usBIM.platform is the cloud CDE of the BIM management usBIM system, released in 2019 and presented as the first IFC-certified CDE by buildingSMART (IFC2x3 Coordination View 2.0 certification in import and IFC 4.0).

usBIM.platform is not a monolithic software but the core of a modular “platform + app” system entirely in the cloud, delivered in SaaS mode and accessible via browser without installations.

The platform serves as a hub around which dozens of vertical web applications (IFC viewer, federation, model checking, clash, BCF, IDS, computations, 4D, FM, GIS, digital twin, IoT) orbit, sharing the same environment and the IFC standard.

The strong adherence to technical and legislative regulations that promote or require the use of openBIM standards makes it a solution particularly suitable for Public Administrations and Contracting Authorities. The openBIM advantage is, however, structurally beneficial in other contexts as well, when the aim is to reduce dependence on the authoring tools of a single producer and preserve data continuity over time.

Conceptual differences: four levels of maturity

• Cloud repository/file sharing: solutions like Dropbox, Google Drive, or SharePoint used merely as an archive allow for asynchronous storage and exchange of files. They do not necessarily govern informational states, BIM metadata, approval responsibilities, or dependencies between models. Thus, they represent a minimum level, insufficient in itself to qualify as a CDE.
• BIM cloud platform: adds functions such as 3D viewer, markup, comments, and issues linked to the model. It improves visual coordination but does not automatically ensure formal governance of informational containers, their states, and approval processes.
• CDE platform (Common Data Environment): does not coincide with a single software: it is an informational management environment made up of people, responsibilities, processes, rules, and technologies. It includes state management, unique naming, protected audit trails, and compliance with defined retention policies. It is the core of the comparison.
• Integrated data management system: is the most advanced level, in which the platform manages not only documents and models but also the granularity of data, allowing interrogation or updating of individual properties without necessarily opening the authoring software. It is the paradigm toward which both ecosystems converge: Bentley through the data-centric logic of iTwin and iModels; ACCA through usIFC.server and #TagBIM.

From repository to CDE data-centric

Features of a CDE: what the two platforms offer

The platforms cover numerous typical functions of a CDE and can be configured to support processes consistent with ISO 19650, but adopt different settings.

Document Management and Versioning

In ProjectWise, management is oriented towards native production and engineering. Check-in and check-out operations take place directly from the authoring interface thanks to the iDesktop Integration with MicroStation, AutoCAD, Revit, Office.

The platform also controls the networks of references and dependencies between files. Through ProjectWise Drive, users can work on files as if they were local while maintaining document control.

usBIM.platform adopts a browser-native logic. It offers a customizable CDE, automatic versioning, a recycle bin, and — a distinctive feature — the intensive use of #TagBIM (metadata that classify and retrieve documents across the folder tree). The direct link between documents and IFC objects also allows the model to be used as a contextual access point to information. This approach promotes the transition from mere document management to information management, while still depending on the quality of metadata, relationships, and rules configured in the system.

Permissions and Roles

ProjectWise offers a granular control matrix, with typified permissions such as Read, Write, File Read, File Write, Change Workflow State, Change Permissions, and No Access. Hierarchical inheritance functions and rules that vary based on workflow status are also available; it supports SSO/SAML and federated identities (Active Directory/Azure AD).

usBIM.platform structures permissions on multiple levels (workspace, folders, workflow, individual documents). The platform allows for the profiling of users, groups, and organizations, mapped to the requirements of ISO 19650 and oriented towards simplicity for the CDE manager.

Traceability and Audit Trail

Logging operations and changes is a central requirement of information management.

ProjectWise logs the audit trail for documents, folders, users, groups, workflows, and environments, and also tracks changes to permissions. Logs can be filtered and exported.

usBIM.platform offers logging and auditing functions at the system, process, and document level with the aim of ensuring the traceability and historical succession of changes required in CDE processes.

Approval Workflows

The difference is particularly evident in the way workflows are configured and automated.

ProjectWise utilizes the Workflow Rules Engine (WRE), a rules-based engine, scripts, and SQL stored procedures. The system can automate complex tasks (automatic revision number calculation, dynamic population of title blocks, metadata validation before a status change, blocking unauthorized transitions).

The WRE offers a high level of customization, but its configuration may require advanced IT skills, including SQL, scripting, and PowerShell, along with centralized governance.

The formal exchange between organizations is managed through ProjectWise Deliverables Management, which includes functions for transmittal, submittal, RFI, with an audit trail.

usBIM.platform, on the other hand, uses a graphical and declarative system based on GATE (Quality Gate), designed to translate the prescriptions contained in the Informative Specifications and Information Management Plans into operational workflows.

When a document enters a control gate, a process is triggered that can sequentially involve the task team for verification, the BIM coordinator for review, and the client for approval. The system can generate automatic notifications and maintain the succession of versions submitted for various control steps.

ISO 19650 States

ISO 19650 describes four logical states of the information container: Work in Progress, Shared, Published, Archived. National, contractual or organizational specifications can associate additional status codes or suitability (S0–S7) with these states.

Both platforms allow for configuring workflows, permissions, and transitions consistent with these logics.

BIM architecture with a central governance hub

How ProjectWise and usBIM integrate with other BIM tools

ProjectWise and usBIM.platform do not operate as isolated applications: both extend their functions through products, services, and modules dedicated to different phases of the project’s life cycle. The main difference concerns the integration model: Bentley offers a vertical suite deeply connected to the design and engineering tools within its ecosystem, while usBIM adopts a modular structure based on a cloud platform and specialized web applications.

The structural integration of the Bentley ecosystem

The value of ProjectWise increases when the organization adopts the entire Bentley stack. In civil infrastructure design, multiple engineers reference and query routes, profiles, and terrain models simultaneously while maintaining the mathematical integrity of the data.

Through iModel Bridge technology, ProjectWise extracts engineering data from native files and consolidates it into the iModel/iTwin, incrementally updating the digital twin of the infrastructure. The downside is a technically complex ecosystem: to express its full potential, it requires enterprise networks, meticulous configuration of workspaces, and dedicated administrators.

It should also be noted that many lifecycle capabilities do not belong to the core functionality of ProjectWise, but to the Bentley portfolio:

• 4D management and construction management through SYNCHRO;
• asset management and operational phase through AssetWise;
• data federation and digital twin through iTwin.

The economic and technical comparison must consider the actual stack, not the name of the isolated CDE.

The “platform + app” approach of usBIM

ACCA structures the solution around a different model: an open platform accessible via browser, around which over 40 web apps orbit. usBIM.platform acts as a common hub for documents, models, and data. Daily operations are supported by integrated tools primarily usable via browser, including:

• usBIM.browser/usBIM.pointcloud: tools for web visualization of IFC, DWG, RVT, PDF, and point clouds;
• usBIM.federation: federation of multidisciplinary and heterogeneous models via browser;
• usBIM.editor: advanced online IFC editor that allows editing of geometry and semantic data of the model directly in the cloud, acting as open format authoring;
• usBIM.checker/usBIM.IDS: BIM validation, IDS requirements, code checking;
• usBIM.clash: IFC-certified clash detection (hard clash, clearance) with BCF output;
• usBIM.bcf/usBIM.resolver: management of issues and non-conformities through BCF;
• usBIM.bsdd/usBIM.bSDDeditor: tools related to the management of classifications, properties, and data dictionaries according to the buildingSMART Data Dictionary;
• usBIM.gantt (4D) and PriMus online/PriMus-IFC: 4D planning, calculation, and economic management of works based on data available in the model;
• usBIM.maint/usBIM.facility: visual management of assets, maintenance activities, tickets, service levels, and indicators;
• usBIM.geotwin/usBIM.gis: integration between BIM data, GIS, and territorial context for the creation of geospatial digital twins;
• usBIM.IoT: connection between sensor data and objects or spaces represented in the model;
• usBIM.chat/usBIM.meet: synchronous collaboration tools on the federated model;
• usBIM.sync: bidirectional synchronization of files, IFC models, and metadata between platform, cloud spaces, and local PC.

Operational impact

In Bentley, the user navigates through distinct products and licenses: ProjectWise for CDE, SYNCHRO for 4D, AssetWise for operational management. This results in a vertical chain strongly integrated within its ecosystem, but whose effectiveness depends on the correct interoperability between the adopted products and the available competencies within the organization.

In usBIM, the experience is a system of web apps integrated within the same environment, activatable from the store around the central CDE: an open horizontal platform that democratizes access to BIM data (a client, a DL, or a facility manager can inspect and approve heavy IFC models from a tablet, without authoring software).

How ProjectWise and usBIM Manage Data, Formats, and BIM Interoperability

The difference between the two platforms emerges mainly in how they structure, federate, and make information available. usBIM.platform centers around openBIM formats and standards, while Bentley uses iModels as a level for aggregating data from different applications and formats. This setup affects both the daily management of models and the ability to integrate multiple CDEs into the same process.

Open Formats and IFC

It is in this area that the difference in approach becomes most evident.

usBIM.platform is built around the IFC, standardized by ISO 16739, and supports the entire family of open standards (IFC, BCF, IDS, bSDD).

IFC editing and validation can also be performed in a cloud environment through the services connected to usIFC.server. The use of standardized formats reduces dependency on the original authoring application and can facilitate the consultation and reuse of information in the long term.

Bentley is a multinational member of buildingSMART, and several products from the ecosystem support IFC import or export flows.

The normalization architecture is based on proprietary technology — the iModel, a database that aggregates and aligns data from heterogeneous sources (DGN, DWG, RVT, IFC, point clouds, IoT). Within Bentley, the IFC primarily serves as an exchange and delivery format, while maximum efficiency is expressed within the iTwin ecosystem. Notably, ProjectWise is not certified by buildingSMART as a CDE.

Interoperability, Federation, and Hybrid Scenario

Both ecosystems allow for the federation of multidisciplinary models: usBIM through the dedicated tool and Bentley through the iTwin services and design review tools.

An increasingly relevant issue is the coexistence of multiple CDEs within the same program: it is common for delivery to occur on one platform while the owner-operator maintains ProjectWise as a long-term repository.

In these cases, synchronization governed around open standards (IFC/BCF/IDS) is the answer. usBIM.sync brings openBIM functions into the CDEs and authoring tools that teams are already using. The presence of connectors and integration services between different CDEs in the market demonstrates a concrete need, but does not guarantee that synchronization is complete or bidirectional for every type of data. The fundamental rule is to avoid two competing “single sources of truth” by defining the authoritative system and the direction of synchronization.

Territorial Scale and Geospatial Digital Twin

The narrative that ProjectWise is necessarily the only possible solution for large infrastructures requires a distinction between at least two aspects:

• management of engineering work in progress;
• visualization and integration of data at a territorial scale.

ProjectWise and the Bentley ecosystem have consolidated strengths in engineering production, native file management, and coordination of complex reference networks. usBIM.geotwin is instead oriented towards connecting BIM data, GIS, point clouds, meshes, and territorial information, also through Esri ArcGIS technologies.

It is designed to manage geospatial digital twins without limits on complexity, number, and continuous data updating. On a single spatial platform, it is possible to represent millions of BIM objects, billions of points from surveys and laser clouds, textured meshes, and IoT data — up to entire smart cities, linear infrastructures (roads, railways, bridges, tunnels), archaeological sites and cultural heritage, and restoration models.

usBIM.geotwin received a special mention at the buildingSMART International Awards 2023 and is also available in a free version (viewer). On the openBIM front for infrastructures, ACCA is also working on IFC 4.3 (Road Domain). In summary: for the digital twin at a territorial scale, usBIM is suitable for extraordinarily large works as much as the Bentley ecosystem, with the advantage of format neutrality.

Accessibility Throughout the Lifecycle

ISO 19650-3 formalizes the transition from PIM to AIM, regulating the principles of information management during the operational phase of the asset and the relationship between the information produced during delivery and that required for management.

usBIM is designed to support the consultation and updating of data throughout the different phases of the lifecycle, favoring open formats.

Bentley covers from design (ProjectWise) to operation (AssetWise/iTwin), but the long-term persistence of data in proprietary formats remains an open issue.

Exporting IFC from proprietary authoring is a translation that can lead to loss, simplification, or reinterpretation of information. Open formats promote reusability over time and reduce dependency on a specific vendor — which is why a growing number of governments mandate delivery in IFC for public contracts.

When to Choose ProjectWise or usBIM.platform Based on the Scenario

The two platforms are more or less suitable depending on the phase of the process, the formats used, the team structure, and the level of integration required with authoring tools. The main areas of use thus help to understand in which contexts each solution most effectively expresses its strengths.

• Design: ProjectWise has a significant advantage when numerous designers simultaneously produce computationally heavy models with dense networks of references. Preventing conflicts on files and efficiently distributing gigabytes over local networks avoids bottlenecks in large-scale multidisciplinary design. usBIM.platform is primarily configured as an environment for sharing, federation, verification, and delivery. It can thus support the transition between informational states while the precise management of native CAD files and their dependencies remains typically entrusted to the authoring and infrastructure used by designers.
• BIM Coordination: both solutions offer useful tools for BIM coordination, but with different settings. When the process mainly revolves around Bentley authoring and iModel, ProjectWise and iTwin Design Review ensure a more direct continuity. When coordination is based on models produced with different software and delivered through openBIM standards, usBIM offers explicit tools (IFC federation, clash detection, checker, BCF).
• Site Management and Construction Management: on-site, mobility, visual control, and traceability dominate. usBIM offers mobile apps to inspect the federated model, monitor 4D (usBIM.gantt) and accounting (PriMus-IFC), manage non-conformities (usBIM.resolver), digital DL, and compare IFC models (usBIM.compare). Bentley responds with SYNCHRO, a specialist solution for 4D and project controls.
• Facility Management and Heritage: Bentley extends asset management through AssetWise, focused on enterprise asset lifecycle management; ACCA offers usBIM.maint and usBIM.facility for the visual management of maintenance activities, with contextual access to assets, SLA/KPI, and QR codes in the field. The handover to EAM, IWMS, or CAFM platforms like Maximo, Archibus, Planon, and TRIRIGA can occur through open data formats and structures, such as IFC and COBie, or through specific connectors with authoring environments.
• Digital Twin and Large-Scale Infrastructures: Bentley’s ecosystem addresses the digital twin through iTwin, integrating engineering data, reality modeling, contextual information, and IoT sources. usBIM tackles the issue through usBIM.geotwin (openBIM + GIS without size limits, smart city) and usBIM.IoT.

BIM Lifecycle Infographic

Operational Comparison

The following table compares ProjectWise and usBIM.platform according to the main operational criteria, from architecture to document management, including interoperability, security, and lifecycle.

Functional mapping between the Bentley ecosystem and usBIM applications

Concise architectural comparison

Strengths and limitations of ProjectWise and usBIM.platform

The comparison of advantages and limitations should be considered in relation to the operational scenario, the size of the organization, and the tools already in use.

Bentley ProjectWise — advantages

• Mature solution for enterprise governance of engineering data and WIP involving complex native files.
• Robust management of XREFs and spatial references; strong performance with massive, geographically distributed datasets (Delta File Transfer, caching).
• WRE: advanced automation of revisions, title blocks and validations; a higher level of automation than that offered by standard document repositories.
• Data-centric continuity across construction (SYNCHRO), operations (AssetWise) and digital twins (iTwin): particularly strong for mega infrastructure projects.

Bentley ProjectWise — limitations

• High implementation and operational complexity; steep learning curve; high costs (licenses, servers, setup).
• Part of the lifecycle value (4D, asset management, digital twin) depends on other Bentley products rather than the core platform.
• In multi-vendor environments, interoperability may require dedicated exports and protocols; openBIM support is available but is not exclusive, with documented limitations (e.g., data extraction from Revit files).
• May be oversized for organizations or projects with limited document management requirements.

ACCA usBIM.platform — advantages

• Vendor-neutral and certified openBIM platform (IFC, BCF, IDS, bSDD as components).
• Full browser/mobile accessibility without authoring software: democratizes data access for clients, site supervisors, public authorities and facility managers.
• Modular model based on applications that can be activated according to specific processes (pay-as-you-grow).
• Full lifecycle coverage with data-centric execution (usBIM.resolver, usBIM.compare, usBIM.gantt, PriMus-IFC, usBIM.gdl).
• Geospatial digital twin without size limitations (usBIM.geotwin + ArcGIS): millions of objects, billions of points, smart city applications.
• Strong information governance and compliance (ACN QC1, ISO 27001, CISPE/GDPR); native compliance with Italian Legislative Decree 36/2023.

ACCA usBIM.platform — limitations

• Less established in enterprise construction management outside Europe and a smaller international market share than major players (an adoption issue rather than a functional limitation).
• Not designed to replace local IT infrastructure for heavy engineering WIP (no differential caching of gigabytes of native files or file-system-level XREF resolution).
• Some reviews perceive the interface as less cohesive/“monolithic” compared with integrated suites; enterprise pricing is not publicly disclosed (quotation-based).

Which platform is right for your scenario

There is no absolute winner: the two platforms are based on different philosophies, and the right choice is not a one-time decision, but rather depends on the lifecycle stage and on who will actually use the model.

Bentley ProjectWise is a natural choice when the focus is on engineering work in progress for large infrastructure projects and the team works primarily within the Bentley ecosystem. In large programs where distributed teams produce and review significant volumes of native CAD data, the robustness of ProjectWise and WRE governance are difficult to match, while integration with SYNCHRO, AssetWise and iTwin provides a consistent path toward an enterprise infrastructure digital twin. The key risk to manage is the loss of control over work in progress and ecosystem dependencies.

ACCA usBIM.platform is particularly suitable when the focal point shifts to data management, openBIM, and the entire lifecycle. The neutrality of formats (no lock-in), browser accessibility, modularity with a free tier, make it ideal for firms, companies, contracting authorities, and facility managers. On the territorial scale front, usBIM.geotwin with Esri ArcGIS manages geospatial digital twins without size limits — from linear infrastructure to smart cities — making usBIM suitable for large works at least as much as proprietary solutions, with the added advantage of openBIM. The risk to monitor here is the opposite: creating proprietary silos and failing to reuse models and data in the phases of control, construction, and asset management.

In mixed contexts, the more mature response is often hybrid and defined upstream: engineering WIP where Bentley depth is needed and openBIM vendor-neutral CDE for coordination, delivery, handover, and operation, contracting IFC in the EIR from the outset and using open standards (IFC, BCF, IDS) between phases. usBIM.sync enables this scenario. For the AECO professional, the BIM manager, the company, the public administration, and the facility manager, the decisive question is not “which software is better,” but “in which phase am I, who will use the model, and how much independence from proprietary formats do I need throughout the lifecycle.”

The evolution of IFC 4.3, IDS, bSDD, openCDE, and future versions of the IFC standard will be crucial to improving information continuity between platforms. This is the ground on which the battle will be fought in the coming years and is the point where the two philosophies tend to meet.

How the comparison was made
The functionalities were verified against the official documentation from Bentley, ACCA, and buildingSMART available at the time of the article’s update. The comparison considers ProjectWise within the context of the Bentley ecosystem and usBIM.platform within the context of usBIM apps. Functions and licenses may vary based on version, plan, and configuration.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the difference between Bentley ProjectWise and ACCA usBIM.platform?

ProjectWise is an infrastructure project delivery solution from the Bentley ecosystem, particularly suitable for managing engineering WIP on native files; usBIM.platform is an openBIM vendor-neutral CDE, IFC certified by buildingSMART, modular and accessible via browser. Both cover the pillars of an ISO 19650 CDE, but with opposing philosophies (integrated proprietary vs modular openBIM).

Is usBIM.platform an alternative to Bentley ProjectWise?

Yes, it can be as a Common Data Environment. The choice depends on the scenario: ProjectWise offers an advantage in managing engineering work in progress based on native files and complex references. usBIM.platform is more oriented towards openBIM governance, web consultation, and information continuity throughout the lifecycle.

Is usBIM suitable for large infrastructures like ProjectWise?

On the engineering WIP front, ProjectWise remains the benchmark. On the territorial scale and digital twin front, usBIM.geotwin (openBIM + Esri ArcGIS) manages models and point clouds without size limits, up to entire smart cities: for the geospatial digital twin, it is suitable for large-scale works at least as much as proprietary solutions.

Does Bentley ProjectWise support IFC and openBIM?

Yes, with IFC import/export and documented openBIM workflows (OpenBuildings Designer is IFC2x3 certified). However, the architecture revolves around proprietary formats/schemes (DGN, iModel) and ProjectWise is not certified by buildingSMART as a CDE: IFC is primarily an exchange and delivery format.

Can ProjectWise and usBIM coexist in the same project?

Yes. It is a frequent scenario (delivery on one platform, long-term repository on another). usBIM.sync synchronizes files, IFC models, and metadata between the platform, cloud, and PC.

What is the best CDE for public authorities and openBIM procurement?

For public-sector clients adopting openBIM, usBIM.platform is designed around the CDE and open standards, with ISO 19650 information states.

Is an integrated ecosystem or a modular openBIM platform better?

It depends on the project phase and objectives. The integrated ecosystem (Bentley) maximizes depth and continuity within its own stack for heavy engineering; the modular openBIM platform (usBIM) maximizes neutrality, accessibility and lifecycle coverage while reducing vendor lock-in.

Glossary of acronyms and sources

• openBIM — a collaborative approach based on open, vendor-neutral standards (IFC, BCF, IDS, bSDD).
• closedBIM — a workflow based on proprietary formats and tools from a single vendor.
• CDE  — a data-sharing environment governed by people, processes and technology (ISO 19650).
• PIM — Project Information Model, produced during design and construction.
• AIM — Asset Information Model, which supports asset management during the operational phase (ISO 19650-3).
• IFC — a standardized open format (ISO 16739) for BIM data.
• BCF — an open format for communicating model-based issues.
• IDS — a machine-readable standard for expressing and verifying information requirements.
• bSDD — the buildingSMART data dictionary for the semantics of classifications and properties.
• COBie — a standard format for delivering asset data from BIM to facility management systems.
• WRE — Workflow Rules Engine, the workflow automation engine in ProjectWise.

Sources and references consulted

• ProjectWise | Bentley Systems | Infrastructure Engineering Software Company
• iTwin | Bentley Systems | Infrastructure Engineering Software Company
• iTwin Platform | Bentley Systems | Infrastructure Engineering Software Company
• iTwin Synchronizer | Bentley Systems
• AssetWise ALIM | Bentley Systems | Infrastructure Engineering Software Company
• ProjectWise 365 – AEC Magazine
• Common Data Environment Software | usBIM.platform | ACCA
• usBIM.platform CDE- User Manual
• BIM data management software | usBIM | ACCA
• buildingSMART Technical
• Certification Benefits – buildingSMART Technical
• Software Implementations – buildingSMART Technical
• From standard to multinational membership for ACCA Software – buildingSMART International